Martin Kramer

Martin Kramer



Born 1954 in Washington, D.C.

Present Positions

Wexler-Fromer Fellow, The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, since 2002.

Senior Fellow, Adelson Institute for Strategic Studies, Shalem Center, since 2006.

Senior Fellow, Olin Institute for Strategic Studies, Harvard University, since 2007.

Previous Positions

Academic

Research Associate, Moshe Dayan Center for Middle Eastern and African Studies, Tel Aviv University, 1981-85.

Senior Research Associate, Moshe Dayan Center for Middle Eastern and African Studies, Tel Aviv University, 1985-95.

Principal Research Associate, Moshe Dayan Center for Middle Eastern and African Studies, Tel Aviv University, 1995-2005 (now emeritus).

Administrative

Associate Director, Moshe Dayan Center for Middle Eastern and African Studies, Tel Aviv University, 1987-95.

Director, Moshe Dayan Center for Middle Eastern and African Studies, Tel Aviv University, 1995-2001.


Education

Tel Aviv University, 1971-73— Middle Eastern Studies

B.A. Princeton University, 1975 (summa cum laude)— Near Eastern Studies

M.A. Columbia University, 1976— History

M.A. Princeton University, 1978— Near Eastern Studies

Ph.D. Princeton University, 1982— Near Eastern Studies



Distinctions, Fellowships, Grants

McConnell Scholarship, Woodrow Wilson School, Princeton University, Summer 1974.

Center for Arabic Study Abroad Fellowship, American University in Cairo, Summer 1975.

Phi Beta Kappa, Princeton University, 1975.

Fulbright Undergraduate Research Fellowship, 1975-76 (declined with regret).

Doctoral Dissertation Research Fellowship, American Research Center in Egypt, 1979.

University Fellowships throughout graduate studies at Columbia and Princeton Universities, 1975-81.

Bronfman Fellowship for the Study of Arab-Jewish Relations, 1982-83.

Visiting Scholarship, Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst (DAAD), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, June 1986.

Visiting Fellowship, The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, May-August 1987.

French Government Visiting Scholarship, Centre d'études et de recherches internationales (CERI), Paris, March 1988.

Research Grant for a study of Islamic Fundamentalism in the West Bank and Gaza, Israel Foundations Trustees for The Ford Foundation, 1988-90.

Research Grant for a study of Hizballah, The Harry Frank Guggenheim Foundation, 1988-90.

Fellowship, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, 1989-90.

Research Grant, The Lucius N. Littauer Foundation, 1991.

Research Grant, Tel Aviv University Basic Research Fund, 1991-92.

Meyerhoff Fellowship, The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, July-August 1992.

Schneider Lectureship, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, November 1992.

Visiting Scholarship, Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst (DAAD), Martin-Luther-Universität, Halle, January 1993.

Fellowship, National Humanities Center, 1994-95 (declined with regret).

Ira Weiner Fellowship, The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, July-September 1999.

Public Policy Scholarship, Division of International Studies, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, October-December 2000.


Visiting Professorships

Visiting Assistant Professor, Department of Near Eastern Studies, Cornell University, Spring semester 1984.

Visiting Associate Professor, Department of Government and Public Affairs, George Mason University, academic year 1986-87.

Visiting Associate Professor, Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations and the Center for Middle Eastern Studies, University of Chicago, Winter quarter 1991.

Visiting Associate Professor, Department of History and the Center for Middle Eastern Studies, University of Chicago, Winter quarter 1992.

Visiting Professor, Department of Government, Georgetown University, academic year 1994-95.

Visiting Professor, Department of Near Eastern and Judaic Studies, Brandeis University, Spring semester 2002.


Board Memberships

Member, Advisory Board, The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern Islamic World, Oxford University Press, 1990-95.

Contributing Editor, The Jerusalem Report, 1990-97.

Member, Board of Editors, Middle East Quarterly, 1993-2001, 2007-present.

Member, Editorial Board, Middle Eastern Review of International Affairs (MERIA) Journal, 1997-present.

Member, International Advisory Board, Centre for Israeli Studies, University College London, 2001-present.

Member, The Brookings Task Force on U.S. Policy Towards the Islamic World, 2002-present.
Publications

BOOKS

1. Islam Assembled: The Advent of the Muslim Congresses. New York: Columbia University Press, 1986. 250 pp. Read book here.

2. Arab Awakening and Islamic Revival: The Politics of Ideas in the Middle East. New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Publishers, 1996. 297 pp.

3. Ivory Towers on Sand: The Failure of Middle Eastern Studies in America. Washington: The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, 2001. 137 pp.



EDITED BOOKS

1. Protest and Revolution in Shi'i Islam. Tel Aviv: Hakibbutz Hameuhad, 1985; second printing, 1987. 156 pp. [in Hebrew].

2. Shi'ism, Resistance, and Revolution. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press; London: Mansell Publishing Limited, 1987. 324 pp.

3. Middle Eastern Lives: The Practice of Biography and Self-Narrative. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1991. 168 pp.

4.The Islamism Debate (=Dayan Center Papers, no. 120). Tel Aviv: The Moshe Dayan Center for Middle Eastern and African Studies, 1997. 178 pp.

5. The Jewish Discovery of Islam: Studies in Honor of Bernard Lewis. Tel Aviv: The Moshe Dayan Center for Middle Eastern and African Studies, 1999. 311 pp.


MONOGRAPHIC PAPERS

1. Political Islam. Georgetown University Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), Washington Paper no. 73, Beverly Hills and London: Sage, 1980. 88 pp.

2. Hezbollah's Vision of the West. The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, Policy Paper no. 16, Washington, 1989. 77 pp.

3. Fadlallah: The Compass of Hizbullah. The Moshe Dayan Center for Middle Eastern and African Studies, Dayan Center Paper no. 122, Tel Aviv, 1998. 118 pp. [in Hebrew].


ARTICLES IN BOOKS AND JOURNALS

1. "Shaykh Maraghi's Mission to the Hijaz, 1925." Asian and African Studies (Haifa), vol. 16, no. 1 (March 1982), pp. 121-36.

2. "The Year of Muslim Diplomacy." Middle East Contemporary Survey, vol. 5: 1980-81 (New York: Holmes and Meier, 1982), pp. 118-47.

3. "Azoury: A Further Episode." Middle Eastern Studies (London), vol.18, no. 4 (October 1982), pp. 351-58.

4. "Egypt's Religious Establishment in Crisis." In Regime and Opposition in Sadat's Egypt, ed. A. Ayalon (Tel Aviv: Hakibbutz Hameuhad, 1983), pp. 93-112 [in Hebrew].

5. "The Muslim Consensus Undone." Middle East Contemporary Survey, vol. 6: 1981-82 (New York: Holmes and Meier, 1984), pp. 283-307.

6. "The Divided House of Islam." Middle East Contemporary Survey, vol. 7: 1982-83 (New York: Holmes and Meier, 1985), pp. 235-55.

7. "The Shi'i Revival." In Protest and Revolution in Shi'i Islam , ed. M. Kramer (Tel Aviv: Hakibbutz Hameuhad, 1985), pp. 141-56 [in Hebrew].

8. "Muslim Statecraft and Subversion." Middle East Contemporary Survey, vol. 8: 1983-84 (Tel Aviv: The Moshe Dayan Center, 1986), pp. 158-82.

9. "Introduction." In Shi'ism, Resistance, and Revolution, ed. M. Kramer (Boulder: Westview; London: Mansell, 1987), pp. 1-18.

10. "Syria's Alawis and Shi'ism." In Shi'ism, Resistance, and Revolution, ed. M. Kramer (Boulder: Westview; London: Mansell, 1987), pp. 237-54. View Hebrew translation: "The Alawis and Shi'ite Islam." In Syria and Israel's National Security, eds. A. Yaniv, M. Maoz, and A. Kober (Tel Aviv: Maarachot, 1991), pp. 171-84. Turkish translation: ""Suriye Alevîleri ve Şiilik." Nefes (Istanbul), no. 1 (Nov. 1993), pp. 45-52; no. 2 (Dec. 1993), pp. 38-41.

11. "The Routine of Muslim Solidarity." Middle East Contemporary Survey, vol. 9: 1984-85 (Tel Aviv: The Moshe Dayan Center, 1987), pp. 146-67.

12. "Ambition's Discontent: The Demise of George Antonius." In The Great Powers and the Middle East 1919-1939, ed. U. Dann (New York and London: Holmes and Meier, 1988), pp. 405-16. View

13. "The Export of Islam." Middle East Contemporary Survey, vol. 10: 1986 (Boulder and London: Westview, 1988), pp. 127-56.

14. "Tragedy in Mecca." Orbis (Philadelphia), vol. 31, no. 1 (Spring 1988), pp. 231-47. Reprinted in Sandstorm: Middle East Conflicts and America, ed. D. Pipes (Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America, 1993), pp. 241-67.

15. "Pen and Purse: Sabunji and Blunt." In The Islamic World From Classical to Modern Times: Essays in Honor of Bernard Lewis, eds. C.E. Bosworth, et al. (Princeton: Darwin, 1989), pp. 771-80. View

16. "Islam's Enduring Feud." Middle East Contemporary Survey, vol. 11: 1987 (Boulder and London: Westview, 1989), pp. 153-79.

17. "Arabistik and Arabism: The Passions of Martin Hartmann." Middle Eastern Studies (London), vol. 25, no. 3 (July 1989), pp. 283-300. View

18. "Khomeini's Messengers: The Disputed Pilgrimage of Islam." In Religious Radicalism and Politics in the Middle East, eds. E. Sivan and M. Friedman (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1990), pp. 174-97. French translation: "La Mecque: la controverse du p�lerinage." Maghreb-Machrek (Paris), no. 122 (Oct.-Nov.-Dec. 1988), pp. 38-52.

19. "The Moral Logic of Hizballah." In Origins of Terrorism: Psychologies, Ideologies, Theologies, States of Mind, ed. W. Reich (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990), pp. 131-57. View French translation: "La morale du Hizbollah et sa logique." Maghreb-Machrek (Paris), no. 119 (Jan.-Feb.-March 1988), pp. 39-59 (postscript by Jean Leca, pp. 60-64). Spanish translation: "La l�gica moral de Hezbol�." In Or�genes del terrorismo: Psicolog�a, ideolog�a, teolog�a, estados mentales, ed. W. Reich (Barcelona: Ediciones Pomares-Corredor, 1994), pp. 145-70.

20. "An Uneasy Truce in Islam." Middle East Contemporary Survey, vol. 12: 1988 (Boulder and Oxford: Westview, 1990), pp. 177-204.

21. "Surveying the Middle East." Asian and African Studies (Haifa), vol. 24, no. 1 (March 1990), pp. 89-107.

22. "Redeeming Jerusalem: The Pan-Islamic Premise of Hizballah." In The Iranian Revolution and the Muslim World, ed. D. Menashri (Boulder: Westview, 1990), pp. 105-30.

23. "Introduction." In Middle Eastern Lives: The Practice of Biography and Self-Narrative, ed. M. Kramer (Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1991), pp. 1-19.

24. "A Sampler of Biography and Self-Narrative." In Middle Eastern Lives: The Practice of Biography and Self-Narrative, ed. M. Kramer (Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1991), pp. 127-43.

25. "Sacrifice and Fratricide in Shiite Lebanon." Terrorism and Political Violence (London), vol. 3, no. 3 (Autumn 1991), pp. 30-47. Reprinted in Violence and the Sacred in the Modern World, ed. M. Juergensmeyer (London: Frank Cass, 1992), pp. 30-47. View

26. "The Invasion of Islam." Middle East Contemporary Survey, vol. 14: 1990 (Boulder and Oxford: Westview, 1992), pp. 177-207.

27. "Hizbullah: The Calculus of Jihad." In Fundamentalisms and the State: Remaking Polities, Economies, and Militance (= The Fundamentalism Project, vol. 3), eds. M. Marty and R.S. Appleby (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993), pp. 539-56. Reprinted in Bulletin of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (Cambridge, Massachusetts), vol. 57, no. 8 ( May 1994), pp. 20-43. View

28. "Islam in the New World Order." Middle East Contemporary Survey, vol. 15: 1991 (Boulder and Oxford: Westview, 1993), pp. 172-205.

29. "Arab Nationalism: Mistaken Identity." Daedalus (Cambridge, Massachusetts), vol. 122, no. 3 (Summer 1993) (=Reconstructing Nations and States), pp. 171-206. View

30. "The Global Village of Islam." Middle East Contemporary Survey, vol. 16: 1992 (Boulder and Oxford: Westview, 1994), pp. 193-226.

31. "The Sharifian Propaganda of Eugène Jung." In The Hashemites in the Modern Arab World: Essays in Honour of the late Professor Uriel Dann, eds. A. Susser and A. Shmuelevitz (London: Frank Cass, 1995), pp. 31-46.

32. "Rallying Around Islam." Middle East Contemporary Survey, vol. 17: 1993 (Boulder and Oxford: Westview, 1995), pp. 109-53.

33. "Fundamentalist Islam: The Drive for Power." Middle East Quarterly (Philadelphia), vol. 3, no. 2 (June 1996), pp. 37-49. View Hebrew translation: "'Islam is the Power of the Future.'" In Islam and Democracy in the Arab World, ed. M. Litvak (Tel Aviv: Hakibbutz Hameuhad, 1997), pp. 24-43.

34. "Political Parties and Political Participation in the Middle East." In Politische Parteien und gesellschaftlicher Wandel: Themenkonferenz Afrika/Nahost vom 7. bis zum 12. M�rz 1996 in Tunis (Sankt Augustin, Germany: Konrad Adenauer Foundation, 1996), pp. 115-34. German translation: "Parteien und demokratischer Wandel in der arabischen Welt." KAS Auslands-Informationen, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung (Bonn), no. 7 (1996), pp. 47-61.

35. "The Oracle of Hizbullah: Sayyid Muhammad Husayn Fadlallah." In Spokesmen for the Despised: Fundamentalist Leaders of the Middle East, ed. R. S. Appleby (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1997), pp. 83-181. View

36. "The Mismeasure of Political Islam." In The Islamism Debate, ed. Martin Kramer (=Dayan Center Papers, no. 120) (Tel Aviv: The Moshe Dayan Center for Middle Eastern and African Studies, 1997), pp. 161-73. View

37. "The Middle East, Old and New." Daedalus (Cambridge, Massachusetts), vol. 126, no. 2 (Spring 1997) (=Human Diversity), pp. 89-112. View

38. "The Middle East in 1996: Rude Awakening." Middle East Contemporary Survey, vol. 20: 1996 (Boulder and Oxford: Westview, 1998), pp. 5-16.

39. "Introduction." In The Jewish Discovery of Islam, ed. Martin Kramer (Tel Aviv: The Moshe Dayan Center for Middle Eastern and African Studies, 1999), pp. 1-48. View

40. "The Road from Mecca: Muhammad Asad (born Leopold Weiss)." In The Jewish Discovery of Islam, ed. Martin Kramer (Tel Aviv: The Moshe Dayan Center for Middle Eastern and African Studies, 1999), pp. 225-47. View

41. "The Middle East in 1997: Soft Coups for Hard Times." Middle East Contemporary Survey, vol. 21: 1997 (Boulder and Oxford: Westview, 2000), pp. 5-21.

42. "The Middle East in 1998: American Preserve." Middle East Contemporary Survey, vol. 22: 1998 (Boulder and Oxford: Westview, 2001), pp. 5-15.

43. "The Middle East in 1999: Changing Guard." Middle East Contemporary Survey, vol. 23: 1999 (Tel Aviv: The Moshe Dayan Center, 2001), pp. 5-15.

44. "The Middle East in 2000: Things Come Undone." Middle East Contemporary Survey, vol. 24: 2000 (Tel Aviv: The Moshe Dayan Center, 2002), pp. 5-16.

45. "Policy and the Academy: An Illicit Relationship?" Middle East Quarterly (Philadelphia), vol. 10, no. 1 (Winter 2003), pp. 65-73. View

46. "Coming to Terms: Fundamentalists or Islamists?" Middle East Quarterly (Philadelphia), vol. 10, no. 2 (Spring 2003), pp. 65-77. View


ENCYCLOPEDIA ARTICLES

1. "Mu'tamar." Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2d ed. (Leiden: Brill), vol. 7, fasc. 125-126 (1992), pp. 764-65.

2. "Congresses." The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern Islamic World (New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995), vol. 1, pp. 308-11. View

3. "Hizbullah in Lebanon." The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern Islamic World (New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995), vol. 2, pp. 130-33. View

4. "Islamic Congresses." The Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East (New York: Macmillan, 1996), vol. 2, pp. 894-96.

5. "Elie Kedourie." Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing (London: Fitzroy Dearborn, 1999), vol. 1, pp. 637-38. View

6. "Bernard Lewis." Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing (London: Fitzroy Dearborn, 1999), vol. 1, pp. 719-20. View



BOOK REVIEWS

1. Mohamed Reza Pahlavi, Answer to History, and Barry Rubin, Paved with Good Intentions: The American Experience in Iran— for Commentary, January 1981, pp. 78-80.

2. Fouad Ajami, The Arab Predicament — for Commentary, July 1982, pp. 86-88. View

3. Michael Curtis, ed., Religion and Politics in the Middle East — for Middle East Studies Association Bulletin, December 1982, p. 43.

4. Hamid Enayat, Modern Islamic Political Thought— for Middle Eastern Studies, April 1984, pp. 238-40. View

5. Joan Peters, From Time Immemorial: The Origins of the Arab-Jewish Conflict Over Palestine — for The New Leader, May 14, 1984, pp. 17-19. View

6. Daniel Pipes, In the Path of God: Islam and Political Power— for The American Spectator, July 1984, pp. 38-40. View

7. John L. Esposito, Voices of Resurgent Islam; Gilles Kepel, Le Prophète et Pharaon; Denis MacEoin and Ahmed Al-Shahi, eds., Islam in the Modern World; Edward Mortimer, Faith and Power; and John Obert Voll, Islam — for Middle Eastern Studies, April 1986, pp. 293-97.

8. Emmanuel Sivan, Radical Islam— for Koteret Rashit, May 7, 1986 [in Hebrew].

9. William L. Cleveland, Islam against the West: Shakib Arslan and the Campaign for Islamic Nationalism— for Middle Eastern Studies, October 1987, pp. 529-33. View

10. Augustus Richard Norton, Amal and the Shi'a: Struggle for the Soul of Lebanon— for Social Science Quarterly, June 1988, p. 509.

11. Amir Taheri, Holy Terror: Inside the World of Islamic Terrorism — forTerrorism and Political Violence, April 1989, pp. 270-72.

12. Bernard Lewis, The Political Language of Islam— for Middle East Review, Spring 1989, pp. 63-64. View

13. Francis R. Nicosia, The Third Reich and the Palestine Question — for Middle Eastern Studies, October 1989, pp. 563-65. View

14. Neil Asher Silberman, Between Past and Present: Archaeology, Ideology, and Nationalism in the Modern Middle East — for Modern Greek Studies Yearbook, vol. 6 (1990), pp. 493-94. View

15. Pierre P�an, La Menace; Yves Loiseau, Le Grand Troc: Le labyrinthe des otages fran�aises au Liban; Marie Seurat, Les Corbeaux d'Alep; Roger Auque, Un otage � Beyrouth; and Gilles Delafon, Beyrouth: Les soldats de l'Islam — for Terrorism and Political Violence, Winter 1990, pp. 574-80. View

16. Efraim Karsh and Inari Rautsi, Saddam Hussein: A Political Biography — forNew York Newsday, April 14, 1991. View

17. Albert Hourani, A History of the Arab Peoples; Norman A. Stillman, The Jews of Arab Lands in Modern Times— for Commentary, September 1991, pp. 56-59. View Hourani review

18. Danny Rubinstein, The People of Nowhere: The Palestinian Vision of Home; Michael Gorkin, Days of Honey, Days of Onion: The Story of a Palestinian Family in Israel; and Helen Winternitz, A Season of Stones: Life in a Palestinian Village — for New York Newsday, October 29, 1991.

19. Andreas Rieck, Die Schiiten und der Kampf um den Libanon— for Die Welt des Islams, vol. 31 (1991), pp. 289-90.

20. Derek Hopwood, ed., Studies in Arab History: The Antonius Lectures, 1978-87— for Middle Eastern Studies, July 1992, pp. 592-95. View

21. Fatima Mernissi, Islam and Democracy— for The New Republic, March 1, 1993, pp. 39-41.View

22. Rivka Yadlin, An Arrogant Oppressive Spirit: Anti-Zionism as Anti-Judaism in Egypt— for Jewish Quarterly Review, January-April 1993, pp. 426-28.

23. Kanan Makiya, Cruelty and Silence: War, Tyranny, Uprising and the Arab World— for New York Newsday, April 18, 1993; and The New Republic, July 19, 1993, pp. 37-40. View

24. Robert D. Kaplan, The Arabists: The Romance of an American Elite — for Commentary, February 1994, pp. 53-55. View

25. Edmund White, Genet: A Biography — for Commentary, July 1994, pp. 46-49. View

26. Fred Halliday, Islam and the Myth of Confrontation; and Graham E. Fuller and Ian O. Lesser, A Sense of Siege: The Geopolitics of Islam and the West — for Survival, Winter 1996-97, pp. 154-59. View

27. Fouad Ajami, The Dream Palace of the Arabs: A Generation's Odyssey— for The National Interest, Summer 1998, pp. 93-96. View

28. Susan Silsby Boyle, Betrayal of Palestine: The Story of George Antonius— for Middle East Quarterly, Spring 2002, p. 77. View

29. Abdulaziz A. Al-Sudairi, A Vision of the Middle East: An Intellectual Biography of Albert Hourani— for Middle East Quarterly, Spring 2002, pp. 84-85. View

30. Gilles Kepel, Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam; and Roland Jacquard, In the Name of Osama bin Laden— for The National Interest, Summer 2002, pp. 132-38. View

31. Azzam Tamimi, Rachid Ghannouchi: A Democrat Within Islamism— for Middle East Quarterly, Fall 2002, pp. 77-78.


FILM REVIEWS

1. "Après la guerre," review of Paying the Price: Killing the Children of Iraq; Vingt ans...� Bagdad; The Minders; La mer sous embargo; Tears of Mesopotamia; Alone with War; and L'Homme aux semelles d'or— for Middle East Quarterly, Fall 2001, pp. 84-89. View

2. "PBS Presents: Islam for Viewers Like You," review of Islam: Empire of Faith-for Middle East Quarterly, Winter 2002, pp. 71-78. View

3. "The Camera and the Burqa," review of Beneath the Veil and Kandahar— for Middle East Quarterly, Spring 2002, pp. 69-76. View



COMMENTARY AND NOTICES

1. "An Introduction to World Islamic Conferences." Occasional Papers, Shiloah Center for Middle Eastern and African Studies, no. 63, Tel Aviv, July 1978.

2. "Egypt's Royal Archives, 1922-52." American Research Center in Egypt Newsletter, no. 113 (Winter 1980), pp. 19-21. View

3. "The Ideals of an Islamic Order." The Washington Quarterly (Washington), vol. 3, no. 1 (Winter 1980), pp. 3-13.

4. "Unexplored Archives for the History of Egypt under the Monarchy." Bulletin of the Israeli Academic Center in Cairo, no. 3 (Winter 1983-84), pp. 6-7.

5. "Islam and Politics." In Israel, the Middle East, and the Great Powers, ed. I. Stockman-Shomron (Jerusalem, 1984), pp. 98-110.

6. "The Impact of Resurgent Islam on the Region." In Prospects for Peace in the Middle East: The View from Israel (New York: Council on Foreign Relations, 1985), pp. 33-36.

7. "Muhammad Husayn Fadlallah." Orient (Opladen, West Germany), vol. 26, no. 2 (June 1985), pp. 147-49.

8. "Israel in the Muslim-Christian Dialogue." Research Report, Institute of Jewish Affairs, no. 11-12, London, November 1986.

9. "Maybe It's Better if the Germans Try Hamadei." The Washington Post, June 17, 1987 (also in The International Herald Tribune, June 18, 1987).

10. "West Germany's Hamadi Trump Cards." The Washington Times, July 21, 1987.

11. "The Ancient Sunni-Shiite Feud." The New York Times, August 5, 1987 (also in The International Herald Tribune, August 6, 1987).

12. "Behind the Riot in Mecca." Policy Focus, The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, no. 5, August 1987. Preview

13. "The Structure of Shi'ite Terrorism." In Contemporary Trends in World Terrorism, ed. A. Kurz (New York and Westport, Connecticut: Praeger, 1987), pp. 43-52.

14. "The Secret of Hizballah's Strength." Ha'aretz, June 3, 1988 [in Hebrew].

15. "Hezbollah Held Hostage." The New York Times, August 8, 1989 (also in The International Herald Tribune, August 9, 1989).

16. "Muslim Diversity under Attack?" The Wilson Quarterly (Washington), vol. 14, no. 1 (Winter 1990), p. 141.

17. "Hostage Bazaar." The New Republic (Washington), April 30, 1990, pp. 9-13. Entered by Sen. Daniel Patrick Moynihan in The Congressional Record (Washington), April 26, 1990, pp. S5037-S5038.

18. "Lebanese Shi'is and the West." Orbis: A Journal of World Affairs (Philadelphia), vol. 34, no. 2 (Spring 1990), pp. 274-77.

19. "Haggling for Hostages." The Jerusalem Report, May 30, 1991.

20. "The Prospects of Islamic Revival." The Middle East in the Aftermath of the Gulf War: Pr�cis of a Colloquium (Tel Aviv: Tel Aviv University, 1992), pp. 21-26.

21. "Who was Sayyid al-Musawi?" Policywatch, The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, no. 23, February 18, 1992. Reprinted in Peacewatch Anthology: Analysis of the Arab-Israeli Peace Process from the Madrid Peace Conference to the Eve of President Clinton's Inauguration (The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, 1993), pp. 51-52.

22. "Musawi's Game." The New Republic (Washington), March 23, 1992, pp. 16-19. Hebrew translation in Ha'aretz, April 3, 1992.

23. "Hezbollah: Doing Syria's Bidding?" Policywatch, The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, no. 32, May 26, 1992.

24. "Islam vs. Democracy." Commentary (New York), January 1993, pp. 35-42; letters and reply, May 1993, pp. 14-18. Reprinted in The National Times (New York), May 1993, pp. 1, 8-13; excerpted in Islam: Opposing Views, ed. P. Winters (San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1995), pp. 129-138. View

25. "Where Islam and Democracy Part Ways." In Democracy in the Middle East: Defining the Challenge, eds. Y. Mirsky and M. Ahrens (The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, 1993), pp. 31-40.

26. "The Strategy of Hezbollah." Peacewatch, The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, no. 59, July 30, 1993. Reprinted in Peacewatch: The Arab-Israeli Peace Process and U.S. Policy: Documents and Analysis from January 1993-March 1994, ed. J. Wrubel (The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, 1994), pp. 59-61.

27. "Islam & the West (including Manhattan)." Commentary (New York), October 1993, pp. 33-37. View

28. "A U.S. Visa for an Islamic Extremist?" Policywatch, The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, no. 121, June 29, 1994.

29. "Fundamentalism and the Middle East." The Sydney Papers (Sydney), Winter 1994, pp. 121-29.

30. "The Jihad Against the Jews." Commentary (New York), October 1994, pp. 38-42; letters and reply, January 1995, pp. 20, 22. View

31. "The Salience of Islamic Antisemitism." Institute of Jewish Affairs Report (London), no. 2, October 1995. View

32. "Hizbollah and the Politics of Lebanon." Strategic Comments, International Institute of Strategic Studies (London), vol. 2, no. 4, May 16, 1996 (unsigned).

33. "The Arab-Israeli Peace Process: The View from Tel Aviv." In The Middle East after the Cold War: Papers and Discussion from the Twenty-Ninth Foreign Policy School, 1994, eds. W. Harris and L.S. Leland, Jr. (Dunedin, New Zealand: University of Otago Press, 1996), pp. 137-52.

34. "Ballots and Bullets: Islamists and the Relentless Drive for Power." Harvard International Review (Cambridge, Massachusetts), Spring 1997, pp. 16-19, 61-62. View

35. "Bernard Lewis, Genocide, and Character Assassination: The Historian's Obligation." Ha'aretz, September 12, 1997 [in Hebrew].

36. "The Islamic Summit in Tehran: Beyond the Hype." Policywatch, The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, no. 287, December 9, 1997. Reprinted in Peacewatch/Policywatch Anthology 1997 (The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, 1998), pp. 280-82. View

37. "What You Should Know about Muslim Politics and Society." In America and the Muslim Middle East: Memos to a President, eds. P. Zelikow and R. Zoellick (Washington: The Aspen Institute, 1998), pp. 19-32. View

38. "Changes in the Nature of Political Assassination in the Middle East." In Political Assassination: The Murder of Rabin and Political Assassinations in the Middle East, ed. C. Liebman (Tel Aviv: Am Oved and the Yitzhak Rabin Center for Israel Studies, 1998), pp. 118-23 [in Hebrew].

39. "The Muslim Middle East in the 21st Century." ISIM Newsletter, International Institute for the Study of Islam in the Modern World (Leiden), no. 1 (October 1998), p. 15. View

40. "Is Islamism a Threat? A Debate [among John Esposito, Graham Fuller, Martin Kramer, and Daniel Pipes]." Middle East Quarterly, December 1999, pp. 29-40. View

41. "Islam's Sober Millennium." The Jerusalem Post, December 31, 1999. View

42. "The Shwadran Collection in Context." In An Index of the Shwadran Collection (Tel Aviv: The Moshe Dayan Center for Middle Eastern Studies, 2000), pp. 7-9.

43. "The Temples of Jerusalem in Islam." Peacewatch, The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, no. 277, September 18, 2000. Reprinted in Peacewatch/Policywatch Anthology 2000 (The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, 2001), pp. 121-23. View

44. "Don't Absolve the Great Powers [response to Efraim Karsh, "Why the Middle East is So Volatile]." Middle East Quarterly, December 2000, pp. 25-27. View

45. "No Greater Hate: What Inspires the Muslim Kamikazes?" Tel Aviv Notes, Tel Aviv University, no. 22, September 16, 2001. Reprinted in Tel Aviv University News, Fall 2001, pp. 4-5. View

46. "Hijacking Islam." National Review Online, September 19, 2001. View. Spanish translation: "El secuestro del Islam." Letras Libres (Madrid), November 2001, pp. 18-19. View

47. "Terrorism? What Terrorism?!" Wall Street Journal, November 15, 2001. View

48. "From Afghanistan to Araby." National Review Online, December 10, 2001. View

49. "Osama Blockbuster." National Review Online, December 14, 2001. View

50. "Professors of Palestine." Middle East Quarterly, Winter 2002, pp. 91-95. View

51. "Regime Strategies in the Middle East," in War on Terror: The Middle East Dimension, ed. R.B. Satloff (Washington: The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, 2002), pp. 17-24, 32-39 (Q & A). View

52. "Epilogue: Denial and Predictions." In Islam and the West: Clash or Co-existence, ed. E. Webman (Tel Aviv: Moshe Dayan Center, 2002), pp. 115-21 [in Hebrew].

53. "Jihad 101." Middle East Quarterly, Spring 2002, pp. 87-95. View

54. "Arabic Panic." Middle East Quarterly, Summer 2002, pp. 88-95. View

55. "MESA Culpa." Middle East Quarterly, Fall 2002, pp. 81-90. View

56. "Controversy: Modernizing Islam [response to Francis Fukuyama and Nadav Samin]." Commentary (New York), December 2002, pp. 17-18.View

57. "Inclusion or Exclusion? Islamism in Politics." In An Agenda for Action: The 2002 Doha Conference on U.S. Relations with the Islamic World (Washington: The Saban Center for Middle East Policy at the Brookings Institution, 2003), pp. 41-44.

58. "Nation and Assassination in the Middle East." Middle East Quarterly, Summer 2004, pp. 59-64.

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byline


Martin Kramer is the Wexler-Fromer Fellow at The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, Olin Institute Senior Fellow at Harvard University, and Adelson Institute Senior Fellow at the Shalem Center in Jerusalem.

books


Islam Assembled: The Advent of the Muslim Congresses, Columbia University Press, 1986.


Arab Awakening and Islamic Revival: The Politics of Ideas in the Middle East, Transaction Publishers, 1996.


Ivory Towers on Sand: The Failure of Middle Eastern Studies in America, The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, 2001.
edited books


Middle Eastern Lives: The Practice of Biography and Self-Narrative, Syracuse University Press, 1991.


The Islamism Debate, The Moshe Dayan Center for Middle Eastern and African Studies, 1997.


The Jewish Discovery of Islam: Studies in Honor of Bernard Lewis, The Moshe Dayan Center for Middle Eastern and African Studies, 1999.
edited journals


Middle Eastern Lectures, 1995-2001.


Middle East Quarterly, 2001-2004.


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